As part of the PMI (Projet Master IPSA in French), the final-year project for fifth-year students, we explored ways to optimise the wing of the Airbus A321neo to improve its aerodynamic performance. Focusing on three main areas—a new foldable winglet, a canard, and an optimised wing profile—we aimed for a technical evolution (EVO type) while respecting industrial feasibility constraints.

Inspired by the winglet of the Boeing B777X, our winglet can fold to 90° to meet space constraints in hangars, while providing maximum wingspan in the deployed position to enhance lift. After multiple simulations with different cant angles, we determined that the optimal angle of 60° achieves maximum efficiency, improving the wing’s performance across all flight phases with a maximum gain of 7%. The winglet disrupts recirculation caused by pressure differences on the wing and creates less energetic secondary vortices, accelerating their dissipation and reducing overall drag.

The addition of canards demonstrated a potential 34% increase in engine mass flow, particularly with triangular canards inclined at 20 degrees. This improved airflow management reduces the risk of cavitation while enhancing engine stability, though further studies are required to address aerodynamic trade-offs.

Regarding the NACA 65 profiles, the modified Profile 1 offered improved lift at low angles of attack but introduced recirculation zones that could affect stability during takeoff. The original profile, while less performant in lift, proved more stable and consistent, particularly in high-speed scenarios.

Our designs on CATIA and simulations on Star-CCM+ confirm that these modifications deliver notable performance improvements for the new Airbus A321neo EVO type. This optimised model could achieve substantial aerodynamic gains while maintaining competitive design costs through targeted adjustments.

A new mission to Mars is proposed, involving the deployment of a 250 kg probe to the Martian surface. This probe will be equipped with an array of sensors, electronics, and communication devices, including receivers and transmitters, as well as a shroud/heat-shield designed to protect the lander during takeoff and landing. It is important to note that the probe will not incorporate a propulsion system and is not designed to return to Earth.

Given the history of failures among Martian probes, meticulous planning and design strategies are essential to enhance the success rate of the mission. The absence of a return requirement simplifies some aspects of the mission but emphasises the importance of the initial deployment and operational phases.

In this project, we are trying to calculate the flow around airfoils, typically NACA 6409. We aim to investigate how well Ansys Fluent predicts the lift and drag coefficients of a standard airfoil section. We test NACA 6609 airfoil in two-dimension. The k-ω Shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model has been used for this section. Then, we extend the computations to a compound airfoil. We use the coordinates of four airfoil components to draw the airfoil in 2D to simulate. To note that there is some leakage flow between the sections at the tail. The aim is to estimate the take-off weight of the plane at 60 m/sec when the flaps and slat are out, and again when they are retracted.

This project focuses on studying the hydrodynamic behaviour of the 'Agosta' submarine, a class of Diesel-Electric submarines commissioned by the French Navy in 1977. The submarine has a length of 67 m and a beam of 6m, capable of reaching a top speed of 38 km/h when submerged and 22 km/h on the surface. Our analysis focus into the submarine's hydrodynamic characteristics at a depth of 300m, moving at a speed of 10.55 m/s. Assumptions include a water density of 1028 kg/m^3 and a pressure of 30 bar.

In this project, we analysed the submarine's behaviour by exploring pressure, velocity, turbulent viscosity ratio, and drag coefficient. Through varying angles, such as 0 and 10 degrees, we observed lift tendencies with scalar scenes and vector scenes and drag variations through plots. Stagnation points with low and high pressures and velocities and surface-water collisions by submarine were the key aspects in understanding the submarine's hydrodynamic features.

The aviation industry, constrained for a long time by subsonic limitations, seems to be on the brink of a transformative era with the comeback of commercial supersonic flight. This literature review explores numerous crucial factors that guarantee the success of supersonic aviation in the commercial realm. The study focuses on the next generation of supersonic planes and seeks to unravel the complex interaction among engineering, economic, and environmental considerations.

A comprehensive research strategy integrates theoretical frameworks such as the Theory of Disruptive Innovation and the Extended GAP Model of Service Quality. The study adopts a pragmatic research philosophy to capture diverse viewpoints. Ten industry experts participated in qualitative interviews that explored market specifications and technical functions of supersonic planes. Additionally, insights from 28 potential customers who have experienced long-haul business class flights offer valuable perspectives on service quality perceptions.

The study demonstrates a significant demand for supersonic flight based on the correlation of service quality attributes with passenger expectations. The expert opinions and potential customer feedback manifest an optimistic view for the prosperous future of supersonic aviation. The study highlights the imperative for a careful balance among critical factors, including speed, comfort, convenience, and safety, given the economic, environmental, and engineering hurdles.

With the aviation sector witnessing a paradigm change, the study asserts that despite the existence of a supersonic flight market, attaining sustainable triumphs necessitates detailed scrutiny of diverse facets. The aviation industry's dedication to balancing service quality attributes and tackling challenges will play a critical role in ensuring the success of the upcoming supersonic aircraft.

Detailed Scientific Research (in Physics, Chemistry and Biology) to explore the possibility of terraforming Mars and the potential for human evolution on the planet. "Living on Mars" is a highly interesting subject from scientific, economic, and political perspectives. We are a mixed group of students from the S and ES series, but we tackled this topic with our extensive scientific knowledge. We received a score of 19 out of 20 in our research practical project.